Internet

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that form a web. To connect to the internet, you need:

• A TCP/IP-enabled computer with a web browser.
• An account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
• A telephone line and a modem.
• A computer with:
  • Minimum 386 microprocessor chip and 16 MB RAM.
  • 200 MB of free disk space, a color monitor, and multimedia support.

Internet Services and Applications

• World Wide Web (WWW): A service that links documents through hypertext; created in 1990 for data sharing using HTTP.
• Web Browser: Software to access and display web pages (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, Safari).
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol): A tool for transferring files between computers.
• E-mail: Sending and receiving digital messages.
• Voicemail: A service to record and send voice messages.
• USENET/News Groups: A system for browsing and sharing messages.
• Chat/IRC: Real-time text communication on the internet.
• Video Conferencing: Live audio and video communication.
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator): Unique web address format.
• E-Fax: Sending faxes via the internet.
• Telnet: Remote login to another computer system.
• Navigators/Information Servers: Tools like Gopher and Archie to find data on the internet.

Internet Terminologies

• ISP: Service providers giving internet access.
• Search Engine: Software for finding web content (e.g., Google, Yahoo).
• Domain Name & IP Address: Unique identifiers for internet sites.
• DNS Server: Translates domain names to IP addresses.
• Web Server: A server that hosts web pages.
• POP & SMTP Servers: For receiving and sending emails.
• FTP & Anonymous FTP: Protocols for transferring files; Anonymous FTP allows open access to archived data.

Introduction to HTML

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages. It uses tags and attributes to structure content, such as text, images, and links. HTML was developed by Tim Berners-Lee, and various versions (HTML5 is the latest) have evolved to support modern web features.

HTML Usage, Advantages, and Disadvantages

Uses

• Creating web page structure
• Embedding media
• Formatting text
• Creating links

Advantages

• Easy to use, flexible, and compatible with all browsers and systems.
• Supports HTML5 features and loads quickly.

Disadvantages

• Limited for interactive and dynamic content; not a programming language.
• Lacks a universal standard.

Web Designing Terminologies

• Webpage: A single document in HTML or another language displayed on the web.
• Website: A collection of interrelated web pages connected via hyperlinks.
• Home Page: The first page displayed when visiting a website.
• Web Browser: Software for viewing web pages (e.g., Chrome, Firefox).
• URL: Standard format for specifying web addresses (e.g., https://example.com).

DBMS (Database Management System)

Data are raw facts, and information is processed data that provides meaningful results. A database organizes data so it can be retrieved easily when needed. A DBMS is a software system that manages databases, making it easier to store, process, and access data. Examples include MS-Access, MySQL, and Oracle.

Advantages of DBMS

• Quick and easy data retrieval.
• Reduced data redundancy.
• Improved data security and privacy.
• Allows data sharing across networks.
• Provides organized data storage.

Disadvantages of DBMS

• High installation and operating costs.
• Requires significant disk space.
• May have security and privacy concerns.
• Needs skilled personnel to maintain and operate.

Questions and Answers

1. What is HTML?

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language used to create web pages. It defines the structure of a webpage using elements and tags.

Example:

          
Hello, World!
          
This is a paragraph.
        

2. What are basic HTML tags?

Common HTML tags include:

• <h1> to <h6>: Headings
• <p>: Paragraph
• <a href="URL">: Links
• <img src="image.jpg">: Images
• <ul> & <ol>: Lists
• <table>: Tables

3. What is CSS?

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style HTML elements and make webpages visually appealing.

Example:

          p {
              color: blue;
              font-size: 18px;
          }
        

4. What are basic CSS properties?

Common CSS properties include:

• color: Changes text color
• background-color: Sets background color
• font-size: Adjusts text size
• margin: Controls space outside an element
• padding: Controls space inside an element
• border: Adds a border around elements

5. What is the difference between Inline, Internal, and External CSS?

Inline CSS: Applied directly to an element using the style attribute.

Internal CSS: Defined inside the <style> tag in the <head> section.

External CSS: Linked as a separate file using <link>.

6. How do you create a simple webpage?

Basic structure of an HTML webpage:

          
          
          
              
          
          
              
Welcome!
              
This is my first webpage.
          
          
        

7. What is a hyperlink in HTML?

A hyperlink is used to navigate between web pages using the <a> tag.

Example:

          Link for W3Schools
        

8. How to add an image in HTML?

Use the <img> tag to display images.

Example:

9. What is a list in HTML?

Lists help organize content. Types of lists:

• Ordered List (<ol>): Numbered list
• Unordered List (<ul>): Bullet points

Example:

          

              
Item 1
              
Item 2
          
        

10. What is a table in HTML?

Tables display data in rows and columns using the <table> tag.

Example:

          

              

                  
Item
                  
Price
              
              

                  
Apple
                  
130/kg